I walked into the temple, and it is indeed the sixth dungeon, known as the Fire Sanctuary. Soon after entering, I noticed these large spiky seed things. They are filled with water; hit them and a large drop of water comes out.
If it falls onto lava, a temporary platform is formed. Many of the puzzles in this dungeon involve them. At one point, I saved this guy:
To thank me, he upgraded my digging mitts into Mogma mitts. They actually let me burrow underground in certain places. This ability is used to clear gates and reach new areas.
I eventually ran into a couple of that guy’s brothers, and I got a new piece of heart from one of them. After a while, I decided to stop and save my game. I’m quite far into the dungeon; I’ll try to finish it up next time.